Estimation of Soil Organic Carbon Storage and Analysis of Soil Carbon Source/Sink Factors in Qinghai Province

Abstract

Abstract:

In this paper, the soil organic carbon density of the topsoil (0-20 cm) and the 0-65 cm soil is calculated according to the data from 2,856 soil profiles which are obtained from the second soil survey of Qinghai Province. Organic carbon reserves of different soil are estimated according to the 1∶4 million digitized soil map. Dominating factor of carbon source/sink is analyzed based on the relationship between organic matter, climate, and the data of changing in land use type in different periods. Results showed opinions as follows. (1) The average weight of SOCD20 of the topsoil (0-20 cm) is 4.509 kg/m²; however, there is a significant distinction in different types of soil, with SOCR20 2.953 Pg. The average weight of SOCD65 of the soil profile is 13.597 kg/ m², with SOCR65 8904 Pg. Generally, as it is limited by the climate, the soil types, the vegetation types and the altitude, the SOCD in Qinghai Province appears a zonal distribution which decreases from southeast to northwest.（2）Organic carbon content of Qinghai Province declined significantly in recent 30 years. (3) Our study predicted the carbon source in Qinghai Tibet Plateau under the influence of global change, according to the tend analysis of mean annual temperature in recent 50 years, which is of great importance to the global change. With the anthropogenic factors, the release of soil carbon because of the transformation of land use types, such as changing grassland to arable soil, is also a main carbon source in the study area.

Key words: soil organic carbon density；soil organic carbon storage；spatial distribution；global warming；carbon source/sink, Qinghai Province

ZHONG Cong, YANG Zhong-Fang, JIA Hua-Ji, HOU Jing-Xie, JIANG Wei. Estimation of Soil Organic Carbon Storage and Analysis of Soil Carbon Source/Sink Factors in Qinghai Province[J]. Geoscience, 2012, 26(5): 896-909.

References

[1］Post W M, Emanuel W R, Zinke P J, et al.Soil carbon pools and world life zones
[J].Nature, 1982,298:156-159.
［2］Post W M, Pastor J, Zinke P J, et al.Global patterns of soil nitrogen storage
[J].Nature, 1985,317:613-616.
［3］Schuur E A G,Vogel J G,Crummer K G,et al.The effect of permafrost thaw on old carbon release and net carbon exchange from tundra
[J].Nature,2009,459:556-559.
［4］Zimov S A, Schuur E A G, Chapin F S III.Permafrost and the global carbon budget
[J].Science,2006,312:1612-1613.
［5］Billings W D, Luken J O, Mortensen D A, et al.Arctic tundra: A source or sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide in a changing environment
[J].Oceologia, 1982,53: 7-11.
［6］方精云,唐艳鸿,Son Yowhan.碳循环研究:东亚生态系统为什么重要?
[J].中国科学:生命科学,2010,40(7):561-565.
［7］方精云,郭兆迪.寻找失去的陆地碳汇
[J].自然杂志,2007,29(1):1-6.
［8］方精云.探索CO2失汇之谜
[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(2):255-256.
［9］方精云,朴世龙,赵淑清,等.CO2失汇与北半球中高纬度陆地生态系统的碳汇
[J].植物生态学报,2001,25(5):594-603.
［10］潘根兴,曹建华,周云超.土壤碳及其在地球表层系统碳循环中的意义
[J].第四纪研究,2000,20(4):325-335.
［11］潘根兴.中国土壤有机碳和无机碳库量研究
[J].科技通报,1999,15(5):330-333.
［12］刘强,刘嘉麒.温室气体浓度变化及其源与汇研究进展
[J].地球科学进展,2000,15(4):453-461.
［13］Kirschbaum M U F.Will changes in soil organic carbon act as a positive or negative feedback on global warming?
[J].Biogeochemistry, 2000,48: 21-51.
［14］Piao Shilong, Fang Jingyun, Ciais P, et al.The carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in China
[J].Nature,2009.458:1009-1013.
［15］Goidts E, Wesemael B van, Crucifix M.Magnitude and sources of uncertainties in soil organic carbon (SOC) stock assessments at various scales
[J].Soil Science,2009,60:723-739.
［16］Song Guohan, Li Lianqing, Pan Genxing， et al.Topsoil organic carbon storage of China and its loss by cultivation
[J].Biogeochemistry,2005,74: 47-62.
［17］Pan G X, Li L Q, Wu L S.Storage and sequestration potential of topsoil organic carbon in Chinas paddy soils
[J].Global Change Biology, 2003,10:79-92.
［18］Le Quéré C, Raupach M R, Canadell J G, et al.Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide
[J].Nature Geosciences, 2009,2:831-836.
［19］Eswaran H, Van den Berg E ,Reich P.Organic carbon in soils of the world
[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1993,57: 192-194.
［20］Batjes N H.Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world
[J].European Journal of Soil Science, 1996, 47:151-163.
［21］邱曼,常庆瑞,王飞,等.土壤有机碳储量研究进展
[J].土壤通报,2008,39(5):1173-1178.
［22］Amundson R.The carbon budget in soils
[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,2001, 29: 535-562.
［23］陈怀满.环境土壤学
[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2011:35-45.
［24］窦森.土壤有机质
[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:30-50.
［25］姜伟,侯青叶,杨忠芳,等.黑龙江省乌裕尔河流域有机碳迁移与沉积通量
[J].现代地质,2011,25(2):384-392 .
［26］Xi Xiaohuan, Yang Zhongfang, Cui Yujun, et al.A study of organic carbon distribution and storage in the Northeast Plain of China
[J].Geoscience Frontiers, 2011,2(2):115-123.
［27］张树文.东北地区土地利用/覆被时空特征分析
[M].北京：科学出版社，2006：154-160.
［28］IPCC.Summary for Policymakers.IPCC WGI Third Assessment Report
[M].New York:Cambridge Press, 2001:1-786.
［29］Davidson E A, Janssens I A.Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change
[J].Nature, 2006,440:165-173.
［30］Kevenbolden K.Gasdydratesgeological perspective and global change
[J].Reviews of Geophysics, 1993, 31:173-187.
［31］Kirschbaum M U F.The temperature dependence of soil organic matter decomposition, and the effect of global warming on soil organic C storage
[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1995, 27:753-760.
［32］周涛,史培军,王绍强.气候变化及人类活动对中国土壤有机碳储量的影响
[J].地理学报,2003,58(5):727-733.
［33］Davidson E A, Janssens I A.Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change
[J].Nature,2006,440:165-173.
［34］Melillo J M, Steudler P A, Aber J D, et al.Soil warming and carboncycle feedbacks to the climate system
[J].Science,2002,298:2173-2176 .
［35］Lokupitiya E, Paustian K, Easter M, et al.Carbon balances in U S croplands during the last two decades of the twentieth century
[J].Biogeochemistry, 2012,107:207-225.
［36］Anderson J M.Responses of soils to climate change
[J].Advances in Ecological Research, 1992, 22: 163-210.
［37］Adams J M, Faure H, FaureDenard L.Increases in terrestrial carbon storage from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present
[J].Nature, 1990,348:711-714.
［38］Xia Xueqi,Yang Zhongfang,Liao Yan,et al.Temporal variation of soil carbon stock and its controlling factors over the last two decades on the southern Songnen Plain,Heilongjiang Province
[J].Geoscience Frontiers,2010,1(1):125-132.
［39］奚小环,杨忠芳,崔玉军,等.东北平原土壤有机碳分布与变化趋势研究
[J].地学前缘,2010,17(3): 213-221.
［40］郭广芬,张称意,徐影.气候变化对陆地生态系统土壤有机碳储量变化的影响
[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(4):435-443.
［41］Yang Yuanhe, Fang Jingyun, Tang Yanhong, et al.Storage,patterns and controls of soil organic carbon in the Tibetan grasslands
[J].Global Change Biology,2008, 14:1592-1599.
［42］Yang Yuanhe, Fang Jingyun,Pete Smith,et al.Changes in topsoil carbon stock in the Tibetan grasslands between the 1980s and 2004
[J].Global Change Biology,2009,15(11):2723-2729.
［43］李娜,王根绪,高永恒,等.青藏高原生态系统土壤有机碳研究进展
[J].土壤,2009,41(4):512-519.
［44］王根绪,程国栋,沈永平.青藏高原草地土壤有机碳库及其全球意义
[J].冰川冻土,2002, 24 (6):693-701.
［45］陶贞,沈承德,高全洲,等.高寒草甸土壤有机碳储量及其垂直分布特征
[J].地理学报,2006, 61(7): 720-728.
［46］范宇,刘世全,张世熔,等.西藏地区土壤表层和全剖面背景有机碳库及其空间分布
[J].生态学报,2006,26(9):2834-2846.
［47］Wang Genxu,Li Yuanshou,Wang Yibo.Effect of permafrost thawing on vegetation and soil carbon pool losses on the QinghaiTibet Plateau,China
[J].Geoderma,2008,143(1/2):143-152.
［48］Wang Genxu, Qian Ju,Cheng Guodong.Soil organic carbon pool of grassland soils on the QinghaiTibetan Plateau and its global implication
[J].Science of Total Environment,2002,291(1):207-217.
［49］张永强,唐艳鸿,姜杰.青藏高原草地生态系统土壤有机碳动态特征
[J].中国科学:D辑,2006,36(12): 1140-1147.
［50］陶贞,沈承德,高全洲,等.高寒草甸土壤有机碳储量和CO2通量
[J].中国科学:D辑, 2007,37(4): 553-563.
［51］柳青青，杨忠芳，周国华，等.中国东部主要入海河流As元素分布、来源及影响因素分析
[J].现代地质，2012，26(1):114-124.
［52]孙鸿烈.青藏高原的形成演化
[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1996:1-70.
［53］张忠孝.青海地理
[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2009:1-50.
［54］青海省农业资源区划办公室.青海土种志
[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:1-327.
［55］青海省农业资源区划办公室.青海土壤
[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997:1-414.
［56］海西蒙古族藏族自治州农牧业区划大队.青海省海西蒙古族藏族自治州土壤
[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1989: 1-217.
［57］潘根兴.中国土壤有机碳和无机碳库量的研究
[J].科技通报,1999,15(5):330-332.
［58］王绍强,刘纪远,于贵瑞.中国陆地土壤有机碳蓄积量估算误差分析
[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(5):797-802.
［59］解宪丽,孙波,周慧珍,等.中国土壤有机碳密度和储量的估算与空间分布分析
[J].土壤学报,2004,41(1):35-43.
［60]王绍强,周成虎.中国陆地土壤有机碳库的估算
[J].地理研究,1999,18(4):349-356.
［61]奚小环,杨忠芳,夏学齐,等.基于多目标区域地球化学调查的中国土壤碳储量计算方法研究
[J].地学前缘,2009,16(1):194-205.
［62]梁二,蔡典雄,张丁辰,等.中国陆地土壤有机碳储量估算及其不确定性分析
[J].中国土壤与肥料,2010(6):75-79.
［63]孙维侠,史学正,于东升.土壤有机碳的剖面分布特征及其密度的估算方法研究——以我国东北地区为例
[J].土壤,2003,35(1):236-241.
［64]于东升,史学正,孙维侠,等.基于1∶100万土壤数据库的中国土壤有机碳密度及储量研究
[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(12):2279-2283.
［65]姜小三，潘剑吾，李学林.江苏表层土壤有机碳密度和储量和空间分布分析
[J].土壤通报，2005,36(4):501-503.
［66]袁芳,赵小敏,乐丽红,等.江西省表层土壤有机碳库储量估算与空间分布特征
[J].生态环境,2008,17(1):268-272.
［67］邵月红,潘剑君,许兴旺.浅谈土壤有机碳密度及储量的估算方法
[J].土壤通报,2006，37(5):1007-1011.
［68］苏永中,赵哈林.土壤有机碳储量、影响因素及其环境效应的研究进展
[J].中国沙漠,2002,22(3):220-228.
［69]廖艳,杨忠芳,夏学齐,等.松嫩平原不同土地利用类型的黑土有机碳分解及其温度敏感性研究
[J].现代地质,2011,25(3):553-561.
［70]杨忠芳,夏学齐,余涛,等.内蒙古中北部土壤碳库构成及其影响因素
[J].地学前缘,2011，18(6):1-10.
［71]何勇,姜允迪.中国气候、陆地生态系统碳循环研究
[M].北京：气象出版社,2006:74-111.
［72］康兴成.青藏高原地区近40年来气候变化的特征
[J].冰川冻土,1996,18(增刊):281-288.
［73］李林,朱西德,汪青春.青海高原冻土退化的若干事实揭示
[J].青海环境,2005,27(3):320-328.
［74]姚檀栋,秦大河,徐柏青,等.冰芯记录的过去1000a青藏高原温度变化
[J].气候变化研究进展,2006,2(3):99-103.
［75］汪青春,李林,秦宁生，等.青海高原多年冻土对其后变化的响应
[J].青海气象,2005(1):20-25.
［76］马钰,唐朝淑,周余萍.青海30年来气温、降水变化的诊断分析
[J].青海环境,1992,2(1): 32-41.
［77］周睿,杨元合,方精云.青藏高原植被活动对降水变化的响应
[J].北京大学学报：自然科学版, 2007,43(6):771-775.
［78]伏洋,张国胜,李凤霞,等.青海高原气候变化的环境响应
[J].干旱区研究,2009，26(2):267-275.
［79]Jin Hui, Li Shuxun, Cheng Guodong.Permafrost and climatic change in China
[J].Global and Planetary Change,2000,26(4):387-404.
［80］Xue Xian, Guo Jian, Han Bangshui.The effect of climate warming and permafrost thaw on desertization in the QinghaiTibetan Plateau
[J].Geomorphology,2009,108(3/4):182-190.
［81］王超，杨忠芳，夏学齐，等.中国不同地区典型河流中多环芳烃分布特征研究
[J].现代地质，2012，26(2)：400-406.
［82]夏学齐,杨忠芳,余涛,等.中国东北地区20世纪末土地利用变化的土壤碳源汇效应
[J].地学前缘,2011,18(6):56-63.
［83]曹广民,李英年,张金霞,等.高寒草甸不同土地利用格局土壤CO2的释放量
[J].环境科学,2001,22(6):14-19.
［84]Bolin B.Change of land biota and their importance for the carbon cycle
[J].Science,1977,196: 613-615.
［85］Jenkinson D S, Adams D E, Wild A.Model estimates of CO2emissions from soil in response to global warming
[J].Nature, 1991, 351: 304-306.
［86]赖力,黄贤金.中国土地利用的碳排放效应研究
[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2011:23-87.
［87]葛全胜,戴君虎,何凡能.过去三百年中国土地利用变化与陆地碳收支
[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:1-270.
［88］田玉强,欧阳华,徐兴良.青藏高原土壤有机碳储量与密度分布
[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):933-942.

[1]	ZHANG Wei, AN Maoguo, WANG Zhipeng, YANG Qi, CHEN Huaixin, MA Xiaofeng, ZHI Chenglong, XING Qitao, PEI Changshi, WANG Na, LIU Ming. Geochemical Characteristics of Stream Sediments and Prospecting in the Middle Reach of the Nalinggele River, Qinghai Province [J]. Geoscience, 2023, 37(03): 690-707.
[2]	YANG Yanwei, LU Xinxiang, WANG Liwei, YANG Yi, YANG Chongke, HUANG Fan. Dangjiasi Granite Complex and Late Triassic Dykes in Qinghai Nanshan Tectonic Zone, and Its Constraints on the Early Mesozoic Tectonic Environment [J]. Geoscience, 2022, 36(03): 796-811.
[3]	LI Chao, LUO Xianrong, QIU Wei, WANG Yuhui, ZHAO Xinyi, ZHENG Chaojie, LIU Panfeng. Geochemical Anomalies Characteristics of Stream Sediments and Ore-Search Prospect in Jinshuikou Area of Dulan County, Qinghai Province [J]. Geoscience, 2021, 35(05): 1397-1410.
[4]	ZENG Xiao-hua，ZHOU Zong-gui. Geochemistry Constraint on Ore-forming Material and Ore-forming Fluids of Tongyugou Copper Deposit in Xinghai County, Qinghai Province [J]. Geoscience, 2014, 28(2): 348-358.
[5]	LI Bo-tao, ZHAO Yuan-Yi, YE Rong, HAO Ai-Bing, WANG Shi-Jun, et al. Composition in Solid Potash Deposits of Qarhan Salt Lake, Qinghai Province and Its Significance [J]. Geoscience, 2012, 26(1): 71-84.
[6]	HAO Jin-Hua, CHEN Jian-Beng, DONG Qiang-Ji, TIAN Yong-Ge, LI Yu-Long, CHEN Dong. [J]. Geoscience, 2012, 26(1): 45-53.
[7]	ZHANG Sen-qi WANG Jian-rong LI Qi-jiang ZHANG Jia-kun AN Yong WEI Hong-ye. Cr(Ⅵ)-pollution Mechanism and Control Method of Groundwater in Haibei Chemical Plant of Haiyan County,Qinghai Province [J]. Geoscience, 2009, 23(1): 94-102.
[8]	WANG Xing XIAO Rong-Ge Yang-Li-Peng WANG Bin. Genesis of Garnet Skarn of the Xiekeng Cu-Au Deposit in Qinghai Province [J]. Geoscience, 2008, 22(5): 733-742.