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现代地质 ›› 2020, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (05): 1077-1091.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2020.05.19

• 矿床学 • 上一篇    下一篇

南秦岭龙头沟金成矿带成矿物质来源:元素及硫同位素证据

薛玉山(), 寸小妮, 刘新伟, 胡西顺   

  1. 西安西北有色地质研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-12 修回日期:2020-08-19 出版日期:2020-10-28 发布日期:2020-10-29
  • 作者简介:薛玉山,男,工程师,1987年出生,地质工程专业,主要从事固体矿产勘查及评价工作。Email: ysxuecugb@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    西安西北有色地质研究院有限公司科研基金项目(2017J02)

The Source of Ore-forming Material in the Longtougou Gold Metallogenic Belt of South Qinling: Evidence from Element and Sulfur Isotopic Composition

XUE Yushan(), CUN Xiaoni, LIU Xinwei, HU Xishun   

  1. Xi’an Northwest Nonferrous Geological Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710054, China
  • Received:2020-02-12 Revised:2020-08-19 Online:2020-10-28 Published:2020-10-29

摘要:

龙头沟金成矿带位于陕西省山阳县龙头沟背斜中部,由五条沟金矿、老沟金矿点、龙头沟金矿和宽坪沟金矿等组成,估算金资源量超过20 t。金矿体赋存在泥盆系大枫沟组砂岩中,赋矿地质体为黄铁矿化石英脉。选择具有代表性的龙头沟金矿段和五条沟金矿段作为研究对象,通过岩相学和全岩、载金黄铁矿微量元素和硫同位素地球化学研究,划分了成矿阶段,其中石英硫化物阶段为主成矿阶段,成矿后期构造再次活动,使得硫化物碎裂释放了部分包裹金,矿体局部富厚。矿石及载金黄铁矿的稀土元素配分模式以及δ 34S组成均与研究区上元古界耀岭河岩组十分相似,表明耀岭河岩组可能为其成矿物质来源。黄铁矿的Co/Ni比值介于1.14~1.83之间,显示岩浆热液成因的特征;矿体形成于中浅部,成矿环境氧逸度较高,成矿温度为200~260 ℃。印支期龙头沟背斜下的隐伏岩浆活动,为金矿成矿过程提供了充足的能量与流体,成矿热液萃取耀岭河组中的成矿物质后运移至近地表,由于成矿环境物理化学条件的改变导致金沉淀成矿。

关键词: 龙头沟成矿带, 金矿床, 黄铁矿, 元素地球化学, 硫同位素

Abstract:

The Longtougou gold metallogenic belt is located in Shanyang County, Shaanxi Province. Four gold deposits have been discovered in this belt since 21st century, containing at least 20 t Au. The orebodies are hosted in the middle Devonian Dafenggou Formation and occur as pyrite-quartz veins. In order to find out the ore-forming process, two typical orebodies were chosen for careful study in this paper. Mineralization process can be divided into three stages, including silicification stage(early stage),quartz-sulfides stage(main ore-forming stage) and carbonation stage(late stage). In the main ore-forming stage, pyritohedron pyrite is the major gold carrier mineral. Furthermore, it is found that Au is unhomogeneous and local enrichment in broken gold-bearing pyrite during the later tectonic activation stage. The trace element compositions of gold-bearing pyrite and sulfur isotope studies revealed that the Neo-proterozonic Yaolinghe Formation is mostly likely the dominant source of gold based on their similar REE patterns and sulfur composition. Besides, Yaolinghe Formation has higher Au concentration than any other geologic bodies in the Longtougou metallogenic belt. The Co/Ni ratios of the pyrite range from 1.14 to 1.83, indicating a deep magmatic origin for the mineralization. Ore-forming fluid is characterized by higher oxygen fugacity since the δEu positive anomalies preserves not only in ores but also in pyrite grain. The geologic thermometer of sulfur isotope shows that the temperature of mineralization is 200-260 ℃. Thus, we proposed that the gold deposits in this belt are possibly related to magmatic activity beneath the Longtougou anticline at late Indo-Chinese epoch. Hydrothermal fluid, which exsolved from the magma, extracted gold from Yaolinghe Formation and then migrated upward and precipitated in secondary fractures of Longtougou fault later.

Key words: Longtougou metallogenic belt, gold deposit, pyrite, element geochemistry, sulfur isotope

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