欢迎访问现代地质!

现代地质 ›› 2020, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (05): 957-969.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2020.05.09

• 地球化学 • 上一篇    下一篇

典型岩溶区硫化物矿床——广西贵港锡基坑铅锌矿开采的生态效应

李博1(), 杨忠芳1(), 季文兵1, 余涛2, 侯青叶1, 何海云1, 张起钻3, 吴天生4, 覃建勋4   

  1. 1.中国地质大学(北京) 地球科学与资源学院,北京 100083
    2.中国地质大学(北京) 数理学院,北京 100083
    3.广西壮族自治区地质矿产勘查开发局,广西 南宁 530023
    4.广西壮族自治区地质调查院,广西 南宁 530023
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-10 修回日期:2020-08-22 出版日期:2020-10-28 发布日期:2020-10-29
  • 通讯作者: 杨忠芳
  • 作者简介:杨忠芳,女,教授,博士生导师,1961年出生,地球化学专业,主要从事生态地球化学教学和科研工作。Email: zfyang01@126.com
    李 博,女,硕士研究生,1995年出生,地球化学专业,主要从事环境地球化学研究。Email: 575746162@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    广西壮族自治区环境保护厅项目“广西典型土壤重金属生态地球化学研究”(桂环函[2018]275号);广西壮族自治区国土资源厅项目“广西土壤 Se、Ge、Cd 等元素异常成因与生态效应研究”(桂国土资函[2017]2676号)

Ecological Effect of A Typical Sulfide Deposit in Carbonate Area —Xijikeng Lead-Zinc Mine in Guigang, Guangxi

LI Bo1(), YANG Zhongfang1(), JI Wenbing1, YU Tao2, HOU Qingye1, HE Haiyun1, ZHANG Qizuan3, WU Tiansheng4, QIN Jianxun4   

  1. 1. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
    2. School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
    3. Guangxi Bureau of Geology & Mineral Prospecting & Exploitation, Nanning,Guangxi 530023, China
    4. Guangxi Institute of Geological Survey, Nanning,Guangxi 530023, China
  • Received:2020-07-10 Revised:2020-08-22 Online:2020-10-28 Published:2020-10-29
  • Contact: YANG Zhongfang

摘要:

硫化物矿床开采的环境污染效应与围岩性质有密切关系,碳酸盐岩类围岩能在一定程度上中和硫化物矿床开采形成的酸性矿山废水(AMD),从而降低酸性废水及重金属的污染危害。以广西贵港锡基坑硫化物矿床为研究区,系统采集了矿石、尾矿、废水、地表水、悬浮物、底积物及地下水样品,测定了重金属含量及pH值等理化指标,研究了岩溶区硫化物矿床开采的生态效应,以期为类似碳酸盐岩地区硫化物矿床开采的环境污染与生态危害评价、矿山环境保护提供科学依据。研究取得结论如下:(1)尾矿及废水样品中Cd、Pb等重金属含量较高,对矿区地表水及地下水质量构成一定的潜在风险;(2)硫化物矿床开采过程释放的重金属元素对矿区地表水有较显著影响,由于碳酸盐岩的中和作用,流出矿区后地表水、悬浮物及底积物中重金属含量迅速降低,重金属潜在风险处于轻微等级;(3)富含Cd、Pb等重金属的矿坑酸性积水,下渗过程中与碳酸盐岩中的Ca2+、$CO_{3}^{2-}$、$HCO_{3}^{-}$发生中和反应而沉淀,矿区地下水环境质量良好,除了尾矿库、矿坑水周边存在少量超标样品外,矿区周边村镇地下水质均未受到明显的采矿污染影响。可见,碳酸盐岩类围岩是重金属元素迁移的天然地球化学障,能有效降低硫化物矿床开采的环境污染风险。

关键词: 岩溶区, 铅锌矿, 重金属, 水体质量, 污染评价, 贵港市

Abstract:

The environmental pollution effect of sulfide deposit mining is closely related to the surrounding rock properties. To a certain extent, the surrounding rock of carbonate can neutralize the acid mine drainage (AMD) produced by sulfide mining, so as to reduce the harm of AMD and heavy metals. In this paper, Xijikeng sulfide mining area in Guigang, Guangxi is selected as the research area. In order to study the ecological effects of mining of sulfide deposits in carbonate areas, the samples of ores, tailings, wastewater, surface water, suspended solids, deposits and groundwater were collected systematically in the study area, and they were measured physical and chemical indicators such as heavy metals content and pH. It is expected to provide a scientific basis for ecological hazard assessment and environmental protection of mining of sulfide deposits in similar carbonate areas. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The content such as Cd, Pb and other heavy metals in tailings and wastewater samples are relatively high, which has a great potential risk to the surface water and groundwater in the mining area; (2) For the sulfide deposit in carbonate rocks, the release of heavy metals in the mining process has a significant impact on the surface water in the mining area. But due to the neutralization of the carbonate rocks, the dissolved, suspended and deposited content of heavy metals will decrease rapidly after the surface water flows out of the mining area, and the potential risk of heavy metals is at a slight level; (3)The deep pit water in the mining area is rich in heavy metals. During the infiltration process, due to the buffering effect of a large number of Ca2+, $CO_{3}^{2-}$,$HCO_{3}^{-}$ in the carbonate area, the groundwater environment quality of Xijikeng mining area is good. In addition to a small number of samples near the tailings pond and mine pit ponding in the mining area do not meet the standard, the groundwater quality of surrounding villages and towns is not affected by the mining area. It is shown that carbonate rock is the natural geochemical barrier of the migration of heavy metals, which can effectively reduce the environmental pollution risk of sulfide deposits mining.

Key words: carbonate area, lead-zinc mine, heavy metals, water quality, pollution assessment, Guigang City

中图分类号: